The human papilloma virus (HPV) is the common name of a group of viruses, causing the disease. Known more than 100 types. The pathogen is distributed throughout the world. To avoid infection, it is important to know how to transmit the human papilloma virus.
What is the HPV infection?
The HPV infection – the group of viral diseases caused by the virus papilloma. Currently studied and described more than 100 types of viruses. Scientists have long made the study of the morphology of the pathogen, which was used to determine which types of viruses, the pathology raise. Separately has been assigned to a group of high-risk HPV of windows.
Given that the HPV infects primarily sexual, the system, a lot of attention to the study of the problems placed by gynecologists. In explaining, what is HPV in gynecology, it is necessary to note a high risk of development of cancer of the cervix. Experts have established that this virus, more specifically, the 16th and 18th types of cause the development of cancer processes in the female reproductive system.
HPV transmission routes and infection
The papilloma virus is known for its resistance to environmental factors, this is why extended time can stay active in the outside environment. It is this that explains the ability of the pathogen to a wide dissemination. However, direct transmission of the HPV droplets does not occur. Explaining how to spread the papilloma virus from man to man, the doctors report that the obligatory presence of a direct contact with the skin and the mucous membranes of the carrier of the virus.
The routes of transmission of HPV are varied:
- sexual;
- contact-household;
- vertical.
The most common way of transmission of HPV
For the first time heard of this type of pathogen, patients are often interested in the doctor: is human papilloma virus sexually. The doctors say that this is the most common method. According to statistics, about 70% of sexually active people are carriers of the virus papilloma. When this contamination can occur repeatedly throughout life.
Most women and men are infected with HPV already after a few months since the beginning of the sexual life active. It is to be noted that, often, the HPV associated with sexually transmitted infections, however, contamination is possible and sexual intercourse without penetration. Contact with the genitals of a carrier of the virus can lead to infection.
Doctors call and routes of HPV infection:
- by a kiss;
- when the oral sex.
The HPV – infection methods in the daily life
Some infectious diseases emit of the households of the route of transmission of HPV. The percentage of the spread of the virus in this way is small, but we cannot completely exclude this possibility. The virus for a certain time may record the activity, once in the pool, the steam bath, therefore, contamination is possible and in the common areas.
The infection at home happens in a kiss, a personal use, for the hygiene of the farms of HPV. In such cases, increase the risk of infection:
- the weakening of the immunity;
- the violation of the rules of personal hygiene.
The risk of HPV infection
The probability of HPV infection increases sharply with the beginning of the sexual life. This route of transmission is considered the main. The experts suspect a number of factors, including the presence several times increases the risk of infection:
- an early start of sexual life;
- the frequent change of sexual partners;
- the neglect of contraception.
Separately, you have to say about the possibility of infection in childhood. In most cases, HPV is transmitted from mother to child during childbirth. When promoting on the heritage lanes occurs the infection of the baby. Children are easier to tolerate the infection, they almost do not manifest. In addition, thanks to the contribution with the breast milk ready antibodies may occur spontaneous the healing.
How is infection HPV?
The infection with HPV occurs by direct contact of mucous membranes, of the skin of the genitals. During sex, there are sometimes cracks and damage of the mucous membranes, that only increases the risk of contracting HPV. There are a few differences in the mechanisms of transmission of the virus in women and men.
How to transmit the human papilloma virus in men?
The probability of HPV infection in men is directly dependent on the number of permanent partners. Frequent promiscuity several times to increase the probability of infection. The man in most cases are not aware of the presence of the HPV virus in the body. As a result, the spread of the virus the result. In 90% of cases, the sexual intercourse occurs with infection of the partner, who was absolutely healthy.
How transmitting the woman to the human papilloma virus?
HPV Infection in women are not different from those that characterize men. The first place is sexual. However, the risk of infection among women is increasing and some of the factors.
Among them, gynaecologists are distinguishable:
- an early start of sexual life;
- the frequent change of sexual partners;
- the holding of the abortion;
- traumatic childbirth in the history,
- the gynecological diseases;
- the stress;
- the prolonged intake of oral contraceptives.
Is-to-child human papilloma virus?
Given the presence of HPV in the body, the women planning a pregnancy in the near future, asking themselves, is papillomavirus from mother to child. Experts assert that the risk of infection to the child exists. However, the child is rarely celebrated on the HPV, the means of infection differ from those of adults. The transmission of the infection occurs most often at the stage of promotion of the fetus through the heritage lanes: the virus of the mucous membrane of the mother passes to the child.
It is to be noted that the risk of this infection is low. In most cases, the body child manages to get rid of HPV during the first 2-3 months of life. This occurs through the intake of children in the body of the antibodies with breast milk. The main risk of HPV to children is in the defeat of the respiratory tract – the appearance of polyps. These cases are rare and are in fact regarded as exceptions.
HPV – how long after manifested after infection?
Learning on how to transmit the human papilloma virus, many patients interested in terms of the manifestation of the first symptoms. The doctors can not tell how soon manifests itself after infection by the HPV.
The determination of the value of the following factors:
- the age of the patient;
- the presence of chronic inflammatory processes of the body;
- the state of the immune system.
In practice, time-to-clinical HPV are different. The appearance of genital warts, changes in the cells can be observed after weeks, and months. In some cases, the first lesions on the skin in the groin area and the genitals are detected later than one year after the achievement of the papilloma virus in the body. Determining the exact timing of the achievement of the HPV in the body, you can on the basis of laboratory studies.
Symptoms of a HPV infection
The symptoms of the infection HPV is evident by the defeat of the genitals. In most cases, the virus causes characteristic skin lesions. Patients secure the emergence of vulgar papillom and genital warts. Externally, the data vyrosty reminiscent of the cauliflower, so to confuse with other skin manifestations difficult.
In women of the right expansion of pale pink color are:
- in the area of the labia minora;
- in the groin;
- on the clitoris;
- near the external opening of the urethra;
- on the eve of the vagina.
In some cases, warts are trained in the area of the anus, if the woman practice anal sex. A strong proliferation of these entities, led to the emergence of a bloody secretion, by the submission of the sensations when having sex. In men the formations are localized in the pubic area, perineum, least on the surface of the penis.
HPV Vaccination after infection
Even someone who knows how to transmit the human papilloma virus is not always possible to avoid infection. After having gone through the treatment, to exclude a new HPV infection and prevent recurrence, doctors go to the vaccination against the papilloma virus. Inoculation of preventing the development of a viral infection for more than 15 years and more.